TOXICOLOGY

pp. 5-21
DOI: 10.35411/2076-457X-2026-1-5-21

The Use of Cell Cultures in Toxicology Research (scientific review)

O.S. Fedotova¹, Yu.A. Zakharova¹, I.A. Ivashenko^2,3

¹Disinfectology Institute of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing: 117246, Russian Federation, Moscow, Nauchnyy Proezd, 18a;
²Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin: 620002, Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg, Mira str., 19;
³Federal Research Institute of Viral Infections "Virom" of Rospotrebnadzor: 620030, Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg, Letnyaya str., 23.

Cell cultures have become an essential tool in toxicology research. This scientific review provides a systematic analysis of traditional and modern cell models used for toxicity assessment and highlights their potential for development from two-dimensional systems to more complex 3D cultures. A comparative analysis of the main types of in vitro cell models is provided, and the key limitations of their use in experimental toxicology studies are discussed. Particular attention is paid to modern 3D approaches, demonstrating that the three-dimensional architecture, the presence of an extracellular matrix, and the ability to create substance gradients allow these models to more accurately reproduce in vivo conditions and improve the reliability of toxicity prediction. Based on an analysis of literature data, the advantages and disadvantages of each model type are highlighted.
Keywords: cell cultures, toxicity, toxicological studies, in vitro. 2D cultures, 3D cultures.

Authors
Fedotova Olga Semenovna – PhD in Biological Sciences; Senior Researcher department of toxicology (with laboratory) Institute of Disinfectology, FBIS F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Centre of Hy-giene Federal Service for Surveillance on Costumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing; e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.. ORCID: 0000-0003-1928-8211
Zakharova Yulia Alexandrovna – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Scientific Supervisor of Institute of Disinfectology of FBIS F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Centre of Hygiene Federal Service for Surveillance on Costumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing. ORCID: 0000-0003-3416-0902
Ivaschenko Ivan Aleksandrovich – Junior Researcher, Cell Culture Laboratory of Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science "Federal Research Institute of Viral Infections "Virom" of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing; Graduate Student of the Department of Organic Synthesis Technology of the Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-3584-9528

DISINSECTION

pp. 22-35
DOI: 10.35411/2076-457X-2026-1-22-35

New Groups of Insecticides: Mechanism of Action and Prospects for Use in Medical Disinfection. Literature Review 2020–2025. Message 1

O.Yu. Eremina, V.V. Olifer

Disinfectology Institute of the Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing: 117246, Russian Federation, Moscow, Nauchniy proezd, 18a.

Due to the development of insecticide resistance in synanthropic insects and vectors of human and animal pathogens, it is necessary to introduce new insecticides into rotation schemes. This review examines the feasibility and prospects of using insecticides in medical disinsection, which belong to different groups based on their mechanism of action on insects: 2 "GABA-gated chloride channel blockers", – 4 "Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators", – 9 "Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators", – 13 "Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient", – 22 "Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers", and – 23 "Inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase". It is noted that ethiprole is a relatively new agent in group 2B, which is ineffective against insects resistant to fipronil. Of interest are the following compounds from group 4A: clothianidin and dinotefuran; 4D: flupyradifurone; 4E: triflumezopyrim (possibly in the form of baits); group 13: chlorfenapyr, widely used to kill mosquito vectors; group 22: indoxacarb, which deserves a wider range of application, and metaflumizone as baits, since they have been shown to lack cross-resistance to many insecticides; group 23: spirodiclofen and spirotetramat, which have all the necessary hygienic standards and require an assessment of their insecticidal activity against synanthropic insects. The wider the range of insecticide groups represented, the more sophisticated the rotation schemes.
Keywords: resistance, rotation, new insecticides, medical disinfestation, mode of action.

Authors
Eremina Olga Yurevna – Doctor of Science in Biology; Leading Researcher of the Division of disinsection (with laboratory of entomology) of the Institute of Disinfectology of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman; Tel.: (495) 586-11-44 (ext. 1440), e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8268-2230
Olifer Veronika Valentinovna – Candidate of Science in Biology; Leading Researcher of the Division of disinsection (with laboratory of entomology) of the Institute of Disinfectology of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4736-7905

ORGANIZATION OF DISINFECTION AFFAIR

pp. 35-47
DOI: 10.35411/2076-457X-2026-1-35-47

Pest control 2026: what really works today

P.Yu. Bychkov¹, N.S. Lobanok¹, I.A. Artemev², S.N. Pugaev²

¹Moscow City Disinfection Center: 129337, Moscow, Yaroslavskoye Shosse, 9, Russian Federation;
²LLC "Insektobarier": 143442, Moscow region, Krasnogorsk, Pyatnitskoye sh., 7^th kilometer, ow. 2s2, Russian Federation.

Various methods of organizing pest control at the enterprise are known, but few indicate the methods evaluated in practice. The content of this material is structured in such a way that the reader can assess the reality of applying approaches in his practice.
Keywords: pest control, integrated pest management system, pheromones, UV barriers.

Authors
Bychkov Pavel Yuryevich – Deputy Head for Medical Activities of Moscow City Disinfection Center; e-mail: bychkov@mgcd
Lobanok Nataliya Stepanovna – Head of Training of Center Moscow City Disinfection Center
Artemev Ilya Alekseevich – General Director of Insektobarier LLC, Teacher of Moscow City Disinfection Center
Pugaev Sergey Nikolaevich – Entomologist of Insektobarier LLC

PRACTICE OF DISINFECTION affair

pp. 47-55
DOI: 10.35411/2076-457X-2026-1-47-55

The use of "short" modes for steam sterilization of glass containers in the production of immunobiological preparations

M.M. Chalbushev, A.D. Belousov, K.I. Kholmatov, V.A. Benzler, S.V. Astafieva, N.I. Vakhrushina, O.A. Bokova, E.G. Abramova, A.K. Nikiforov

Federal State Budgetary Institution Russian Anti-plague Institute "Microbe" of Rospotrebnadzor: 410005, Russian Federeation, Saratov, Universitetskaya St., 46.

Modern automatic steam sterilizers make it possible to implement "short" sterilization modes. The use of such modes is effective for products of simple geometric shape with a smooth surface without internal channels. In the manufacture of medicines and medical products, the Russian Anti-Plague Institute Microb of Rospotrebnadzor uses reusable glass bottles, which are sealed with cotton-gauze stoppers and sterilized at a temperature of 132 ° C for 20 minutes. The purpose of the work was to select a material for replacing cotton-gauze plugs and to confirm the possibility of using a "short" sterilization mode. Packaging material for sterilization of medical devices has been selected for the manufacture of paper caps on the neck of bottles. Experimentally, physical, chemical and biological methods have confirmed the necessary temperature values and sterility inside the bottle container during sterilization at a temperature of 134 ° C for 7 minutes. The advantage of this mode is the reduction of the sterilization cycle time compared to the previously used one and the absence of the need to use cotton-gauze plugs. The results of the experimental work will serve as the basis for the validation of the selected sterilization regime and its introduction into production practice. Given the identity of the composition and characteristics of packaging materials for sterilization from different manufacturers, their use is also possible for bottle capping.
Keywords: steam sterilization, "short" sterilization modes, sterilization of medical products, packaging paper for sterilization.

Authors
Chalbushev Mikhail Mikhailovich - Junior Researcher officer at the Department of Nutrient Media at the Russian Anti-Plague Institute "Microbe" of Rospotrebnadzor. ORCID ID: 0009-0009-8230-0608
Belousov Alexey Dmitrievich - Candidate of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher officer at the Department of Nutrient Media of the Russian Anti-Plague Institute "Microbe" of Rospotrebnadzor; Tel.: (962) 617-81-71, e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-1827-4881
Kholmatov Konstantin Igirovich - Researcher officer at the Nutrient Media Department of the Russian Anti-Plague Institute "Microbe" of Rospotrebnadzor. ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8220-1794
Benzler Vladimir Aleksandrovich - Junior Researcher officer at the Department of Nutrient Media at the Russian Anti-Plague Institute "Microbe" of Rospotrebnadzor. ORCID ID: 0009-0008-6814-8948
Astafieva Svetlana Vasilyevna - Junior Researcher officer at the Department of Nutrient Media at the Russian Anti-Plague Institute "Microbe" of Rospotrebnadzor. ORCID ID: 0009-0000-5087-9074
Vakhrushina Natalia Ivanovna - Researcher officer at the Department of Nutrient Media at the Russian Anti-Plague Institute "Microbe" of Rospotrebnadzor. ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4400-9747
Bokova Olga Alexandrovna - Laboratory Researcher at the Nutrient Media Department of the Russian Anti-Plague Institute "Microbe" of Rospotrebnadzor. ORCID ID: 0009-0005-6900-9163
Abramova Elena Gennadievna - Doctor of Biological Sciences, Chief Researcher officer at the Laboratory of Preventive Immunoglobulins of the Russian Anti-Plague Institute "Microb" of Rospotrebnadzor. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8798-1547
Nikiforov Alexey Konstantinovich - Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Deputy Director for Experimental and Industrial Work, Russian Anti-Plague Institute "Microbe" of Rospotrebnadzor. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-1130-3504

MISCELLANEOUS

pp. 56-64
DOI: 10.35411/2076-457X-2026-1-56-64

Features of nutrition of student youth as a risk of development of alimentary-dependent diseases

A.I. Lukmanova¹, P.A. Mochalkin^2,3

¹Municipal Autonomous Institution "Center for Children’s and Dietary Nutrition" of the Ufa City District: 450106, Russian Federation, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Batyrskaya Str., 39/2;
²Republican Disinfection Center: 450005, Russian Federation, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Mingazheva Str., 127/1;3Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation: 450008, Russian Federation, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Lenin Str., 3.

Currently, special attention is required to increase alimentary-dependent morbidity among students, associated with the violation of the diet, non-compliance with the principles of rational nutrition and psychoemotional stress. Today, more than 77 % of students have a deviation in eating behavior, only 43 % of students consume hot food twice a day, in the diets of students, eggs, milk are very often absent, butter is often excluded, there are few dairy products, fish, meat, natural juices, fresh vegetables and fruits. Identified disorders in eating behavior lead to an increase in chronic diseases, which affect the quality of life of students. We studied the features of nutrition and the prevalence of alimentary-dependent morbidity among students of the Bashkir State Medical University, depending on gender and course of study. The surveyed students were found to be prone to various violations of the rules of rational nutrition, and many of them ate dry food throughout the day, regularly consumed fast food, and did not follow a regular meal schedule, which resulted in the development of nutritional-related diseases. It is easier to eradicate and prevent negative eating habits, which are potential health risks, by raising the awareness of students about healthy eating habits and forming strict stereotypes of rational eating behavior.
Keywords: students, eating behavior, dietary patterns, alimentary-dependent diseases.

Authors
Lukmanova Aigul Irekovna – Deputy Head of the Department of Food Quality Monitoring, Municipal Autonomous Institution "Center for Children’s and Dietary Nutrition" of the Ufa City District; e-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.. ORCID ID: 0009-0004-8357-4591
Mochalkin Pavel Aleksandrovich – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Chief Physician of Republican Center for Disinfection of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Bashkortostan; Head of the Department of Hygiene of Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ufa, Russia. ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7415-1299

OBITUARY

p. 65

Osipova N.Z. (1931–2025)

INFORMATION

pp. 65-66

List of materials published in journal "Disinfection Affairs" in 2025